AI prompts for drafting standard operating procedures
An SOP written by the person who knows the job omits everything they do automatically. These five prompts surface the assumed steps.
At a glance
- 6 prompts
- 10 min read
Standard operating procedures are almost always written by the person who is best at the task, which is exactly the wrong person to write them. Expertise is largely the automation of decisions, and automated decisions are invisible to the person making them.
So the SOP says “check the machine is set up correctly” because the author has not consciously thought about what correct looks like in fifteen years. The new starter reads it, cannot act on it, and asks someone — which is the failure the SOP existed to prevent. These five prompts extract what the expert knows without knowing they know it: a core writer, an interview prompt, a variant for safety-critical steps, a review prompt that hunts for assumed knowledge, and a batch prompt for a whole procedure set.
Why do standard operating procedures fail?
Three reasons. The first is assumed knowledge: steps that reference a state, a tool or a threshold the reader is expected to already recognise.
The second is that they describe the happy path only. Real work is full of branches — the material is out of spec, the previous shift left it mid-cycle, the gauge reads borderline — and an SOP that covers only the clean run leaves the operator improvising exactly where consistency matters most.
The third is that they say what to do without saying how to know it worked. A step with no verification is a step that can be done wrongly and signed off, and it is where quality problems come from.
There is also a maintenance failure. Standard operating procedures are written once, the process changes, and the document becomes something people are trained on and then taught to ignore — which is worse than not having one.
What should standard operating procedures contain?
Every step as a single observable action with a stated verification. If a step cannot be verified, it is either not a step or it is missing its acceptance criterion.
Thresholds as numbers with units and tolerances. “Until it looks right” is the phrase to hunt for; behind it is always a number the expert knows and has never written down.
The branches: what to do when the input is not as expected, what to do on failure, and — the one always omitted — when to stop and escalate, with the name of who to escalate to.
And the reason for the steps that look optional. Operators skip steps whose purpose is invisible, and a one-line rationale on the three most-skipped steps does more for compliance than any amount of training.
The core prompt for standard operating procedures
Fill in the blanks below, or click a highlighted word in the prompt.
You are drafting a standard operating procedure. The reader is
competent and new — they can follow instructions but have never
done this task and cannot ask anyone.
Task: {{what the procedure covers, and where it starts and ends}}
Who performs it: {{role, training level, certifications
required}}
Frequency: {{how often}}
Equipment and tools: {{list, with any calibration requirements}}
Materials and consumables: {{list, with specifications}}
PPE: {{list}}
Inputs: {{what must be true before starting}}
Outputs: {{what exists at the end, and to what specification}}
Draft steps from the expert: {{paste — however rough}}
Known failure modes: {{what goes wrong, and how it shows}}
Escalation: {{who, in what circumstances, how contacted}}
Records required: {{what gets recorded, where, by whom}}
Regulatory or standard requirements: {{any}}
The step rules
Fill in the blanks below, or click a highlighted word in the prompt.
Produce the SOP with:
1. PURPOSE — one sentence.
2. SCOPE — where this starts and stops, and what it does not
cover.
3. PREREQUISITES — a checklist of what must be true before
step 1, including equipment state, calibration currency,
materials and PPE.
4. THE STEPS — each numbered, each one action, each with:
- the action, in the imperative
- the acceptance criterion: how you know it worked, as an
observable or a number
- the branch: what to do if it does not meet the criterion
5. STOP CONDITIONS — the circumstances in which the operator
must stop and escalate, with who to contact.
6. RECORDS — what is recorded, where, when and by whom.
7. REVISION — version, date, author, next review date.
Rules:
- Every step is one action. Split any step containing "and"
or "then".
- Every step has an acceptance criterion. If the input does
not supply one, write [CRITERION NEEDED: how does the
operator know this step worked?] and continue.
- Every threshold needs a number, a unit and a tolerance.
Replace every "correctly", "properly", "as required",
"sufficient", "appropriate" and "until it looks right" with
[VALUE NEEDED: what number?].
- No step may reference knowing, recognising or judging
something without saying what it looks like.
- Never invent a number, tolerance, torque, temperature, time
or setting. Flag it.
- Add a one-line reason to any step whose purpose is not
self-evident.
- Reading age 12. Short sentences. No nominalisations.
A worked example: what gets flagged
An expert’s draft step: “Bring the tank up to temperature, check the mix is properly dispersed, then start the transfer.”
What the prompt returns:
Step 6. Heat the tank to [VALUE NEEDED: target temperature and tolerance?].
Acceptance: [CRITERION NEEDED: which gauge is read, and what range is acceptable?]
If not met: [BRANCH NEEDED]Step 7. Confirm the mix is dispersed.
Acceptance: [VALUE NEEDED: “properly dispersed” is a judgement. What does the operator look at — clarity, absence of streaking, a timed agitation period, a sample check?]
If not met: [BRANCH NEEDED]Step 8. Start the transfer.
Note: the original step contained three actions and has been split. Three values and two branches are needed before this SOP is usable.
That output is not a finished SOP and it is not meant to be. It is a precise list of the five things the expert knows and has never articulated, which is a fifteen-minute conversation rather than a week of drafting.
The interview prompt
Better than sending an expert a blank template: give them questions that make tacit knowledge explicit.
Fill in the blanks below, or click a highlighted word in the prompt.
You are producing interview questions to extract a procedure
from someone who performs it expertly and has never documented
it.
Task: {{what it is}}
Expert: {{role, years doing this}}
Rough outline if any: {{paste}}
What we already know goes wrong: {{list}}
Produce questions that surface tacit knowledge. Include:
- "Walk me through the last time you did this. What did you do
first, physically?"
- For each step they describe: "How do you know that worked
before moving on?"
- "What do you check that isn't on any list?"
- "What does it look like when it's going wrong, before it has
obviously gone wrong?"
- "What do you do differently on a Monday, or on the first run
of the day, or after a changeover?"
- "What would a new person get wrong here that you would spot
immediately?"
- "Which steps do people skip, and what happens when they do?"
- "When do you stop and get someone?"
- "What have you changed about how you do this in the last
two years, and why?"
Rules:
- Ask about the last actual instance, not about the general
case. Generalised answers lose the branches.
- Follow every judgement word with a question asking what is
observed.
- Ask what they check that is not written down. This is where
the value is.
- Do not ask them to write anything.
The prompt for safety-critical steps
Fill in the blanks below, or click a highlighted word in the prompt.
You are documenting a safety-critical procedure or step. The
consequence of error is injury, exposure or major loss.
Task and hazard: {{what, and what can go wrong}}
Risk assessment reference: {{document}}
Control measures: {{engineering, administrative, PPE}}
Legal or standard requirements: {{regulation, standard}}
Competence required: {{training, certification, authorisation}}
Isolation or permit requirements: {{detail}}
Emergency response: {{what to do, who to call}}
Produce the procedure with:
1. HAZARD AND CONSEQUENCE — stated plainly, first. Operators
comply with controls whose purpose they understand.
2. AUTHORISATION — who may perform this, and how they
demonstrate it.
3. PRE-WORK CONTROLS — isolation, permits, lock-off, testing
dead, area controls. Each with verification.
4. THE STEPS — as standard, with acceptance criteria.
5. HOLD POINTS — steps that require a second person to verify
before proceeding. Name them explicitly.
6. STOP CONDITIONS — unambiguous, with authority to stop
stated as belonging to anyone.
7. EMERGENCY RESPONSE.
Rules:
- Never soften a hazard statement.
- Never write a control measure without its verification.
- Do not reorder steps for readability. Sequence in a
safety-critical procedure is a control.
- Flag anything that appears to conflict with the stated risk
assessment or the regulation. Do not resolve it.
- State explicitly that anyone may invoke a stop condition.
- This output is a draft for review by a competent person. Say
so at the top.
That last rule is not decoration. A safety procedure drafted by a model and issued without review by a competent person is a failure of the employer’s duties under the Health and Safety at Work Act, whatever the document says.
The review prompt: hunting assumed knowledge
Fill in the blanks below, or click a highlighted word in the prompt.
You have never done this task. You are competent, careful, and
alone. Read the SOP below and stop at every point where you
could not proceed with confidence.
Output:
1. CANNOT PROCEED — every step you could not perform without
asking someone. Quote it and say what you would need.
2. JUDGEMENT WORDS — every instance of correctly, properly,
appropriate, sufficient, as required, carefully, normal,
good, clean, tight, until ready. Quote each with what it
should be replaced by.
3. MISSING CRITERIA — every step with no way to verify it
worked.
4. MISSING BRANCHES — every step with no instruction for
failure.
5. UNDEFINED TERMS — every piece of jargon, part name,
abbreviation or internal shorthand not defined.
6. UNSTATED PREREQUISITES — anything a step assumes was done
earlier that is not in the procedure.
7. MULTI-ACTION STEPS — every step containing more than one
action.
8. NO STOP CONDITION — whether it is clear when to stop and
who to call.
Do not rewrite. Only find the gaps.
SOP: {{paste}}
Run this with the expert in the room. The list of judgement words is usually short and the answers take minutes, and it converts a document people ignore into one they can follow.
Drafting a full set of standard operating procedures
Fill in the blanks below, or click a highlighted word in the prompt.
You are drafting {{n}} related standard operating procedures
as a set.
Site and context: {{operation, shift pattern, competence
framework}}
Common elements: {{PPE, isolation, escalation, records,
document control}}
Procedures: {{table — task, performer, frequency, equipment,
expert draft, failure modes}}
For each, produce the SOP in the established format.
Rules for the set:
- Common elements are worded identically in every procedure.
List any place the source drafts contradict each other on a
common element — that inconsistency exists in the plant
today and is worth more than the documents.
- Use one term per thing across the whole set. Output a
glossary of every term where the drafts disagree.
- Identify handoffs: where one procedure's output is another's
input, and whether the acceptance criteria match. Mismatched
handoffs are a common defect source.
- Consolidate every [VALUE NEEDED] and [CRITERION NEEDED]
across all procedures into one list, grouped by who can
answer it.
- Flag any procedure whose steps imply a competence not in
the framework.
That consolidated list is the deliverable that makes this worth doing as a batch. Forty unanswered questions grouped by owner is a manageable afternoon; the same forty spread across twelve documents never gets finished.
Common mistakes with standard operating procedures
Accepting the expert’s draft as the source of truth. It is a starting point with the most important parts missing, and its fluency is what makes the gaps hard to see.
Filling in a [VALUE NEEDED] with a plausible number. It is the single most dangerous thing anyone does in this workflow. An invented torque figure in a document people are trained against is worse than a blank, because the blank prompts a question.
Writing only the happy path. The branches are most of the value: an operator who knows what to do when the material is out of spec does not have to improvise.
Letting the SOP outlive the process. Set the review date in the document, and treat any change to equipment, material or specification as a trigger to revise rather than as something to remember later.
What to check before standard operating procedures are issued
Confirm every [VALUE NEEDED] and [CRITERION NEEDED] has been answered by someone with the authority to answer it, and that none has been filled in by the person drafting the document.
Have someone who has never done the task follow it, physically, while the expert watches without helping. Every question they ask is a defect. This takes an hour and finds more than any review.
Check that a competent person has reviewed anything safety-critical, and that the procedure does not conflict with the risk assessment it sits under.
Finally, check the version control actually works: that the copy at the workstation is the current one, and that there is no laminated 2019 version still on the wall. A superseded procedure in the workplace is the most common finding in any audit.